New Evidence for Syntectonic Fluid Migration Across the Hinterland-Foreland Transition of the Canadian Cordillera

Stuart R. Knoop, Lori A. Kennedy, and Gregory M. Dipple

ABSTRACT
Oxygen isotope dat from syntectonic veins, thrust faults, and wall rocks suggest that fluids infiltrated the Western Ranges of the Rocky Mountain foreland from deeper rocs of the Dogtooth Range during Mesozoic contraction. This signifies the first such evidence for kilometer-scale fluid migrtion t the hinterland-foreland transition of the Canadian Cordillera. Fluid infiltration resulted in isotopic depletion in wall rocks and isotopic disequillibrium between veins (fluid) and their host rocks downstream of a lithologic, structural, and isotopic shift between predominantly siliciclastic (Dogtooth Range) and calcareous (Western Ranges) sequences. The shift corresponds with an average that is 3% higher in the Western Ranges. In the Dogtooth Range, atypically low carbonate values, and the consistency with which vein signatures approach the average bulk rock of individual outcrops indicate fluid buffering by a siliciclastic reservoir and outcrop-scale fluid circulation. In contrast, rocks and veins in the Western Ranges exhibit a gradational increase in that extends > 14km eastward and up section from the isotopic shift and possess values that are below or at the low end of typical carbonate compositions. Furthermore, veins systematiclaly exhibit lower oxygen values than their host rocks; this implies that the fluids that entered the Western Ranges were in modest disequilibrium with the rocks through which they flowed. We use a one-dimensional reactive transport model to infer that rocks in the Western Ranges experienced a time-integrated fluid flux and sluggish reaction kinetics during the flow event.

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